Denisova Ksenia Sergeevna 103

Equipment prices have fallen, and digital broadcasting has replaced analogue technologies. High precision settings and excellent quality have become the determining factors. The satellite signal is perfectly received by a properly installed antenna. If the setup was done by a professional, then there will be no distortion or other interference.

If you have the time and desire, you can do without a specialist by installing the antenna yourself; this will save a considerable amount of money. The algorithm is simple; first you need to install a bracket with a satellite dish on the facade of the house. The next step is to pull the cable to the decoder. When everything is ready, all that remains is to connect the equipment to the TV and the network and scan. Let's take a closer look at the antennas themselves.

There are 2 types of satellite antennas most often found on sale. These are offset and direct focus. Offset antennas have many more advantages than direct-focus antennas, they have optimal characteristics for receiving signals, direct-focus antennas are the opposite - the main task is not receiving information, but transmitting data to a satellite - this type of antenna is suitable for satellite Internet, the diameter varies from half a meter to five meters.

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Next we will talk about receivers. There are three types of receivers, the first is the simplest; with such a device you can only watch unencrypted TV programs and nothing else. The second type has the Common Interface function; using a subscriber card, you can view encrypted channels and also record broadcasts. The third type is designated Common interface+; receivers of this type do not have a recording function. The receiver can decrypt paid channels only if it has a Cl card installed or a C1 decoding module.

The receiver, decoder and card must be purchased from the supplier, otherwise problems may arise because the equipment is incompatible. By installing a subscriber card into the receiver, the receiver is able to decrypt encrypted channels. It is also worth noting that recently a signal has appeared that transmits information in HD high definition mode. Ordinary receivers cannot decode such a signal.

To view HD channels, you must purchase a receiver with HD capability. There are also provider versions of receivers that interact only with certain frequencies and are tuned to certain ranges. Most often, they cost less and lose almost all of their functions. The technical revolution, the transition from radio to digital signal, passed quickly, increasing the quality of our life. Now every resident of our country has the opportunity to watch television programs in good quality. Now you can watch television anywhere in our country.

In addition to broadcasting TV shows, you can receive Internet services. It is very pleasant that in our state they care about the quality of our life.

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Previously, satellite television was available only to the wealthy segments of society. When it first appeared, it was a very expensive pleasure. Therefore, it was quite difficult for satellite TV to displace cable television and conventional antennas.

All about satellite television

But times are changing. And today, installing a TV dish is a common thing for many people. The advantages of satellite television are obvious. With its help you can receive a signal from the original source. This directly affects the image quality and uninterrupted broadcasting. While cable and analog TV transmit the signal received from the satellite through TV wires. This is directly reflected in image quality.

If you still haven’t got a dish and haven’t connected satellite TV, we’ll tell you how best to do it. The first thing you need to do is install a satellite dish. As before, this device is made of a very durable substance that is installed outdoors. The plate is not afraid of any climatic conditions.

It is best to connect the antenna and receiver with the help of a professional. Please note that connection can be made to any satellite surrounding the Earth. Different satellites contain different numbers of TV channels, both domestic and foreign.

Those who decide to acquire satellite television need to know about all its components.

What components are the main ones when installing satellite TV?

1. Antenna (dish). Its function is to collect a moderate microwave signal, which will be focused by the device. The surface of this device is highly reflective of microwaves.

There are two types of antennas - parabolic and offset. Considering the first option, we see that the signal from the satellite is focused in the center of the dish. It is worth noting that such a plate has its drawbacks. In winter, snow appears on their surface, which can cause interference. In this case, installing a second converter here is also excluded.

Offset antennas have a slightly shifted focus and a different reflector shape. Today this type of antenna is more often used, since you can install a converter on it. This will allow you to catch a signal from 2-3 satellites, which significantly increases the information content of your TV. Such antennas are made of steel or aluminum.

1. Antenna pendants. This is a device with which you can aim the antenna at a specific satellite. There are two types of antenna hangers. The first is azimuth-angle. It can be adjusted in two directions. The second type is the polar pendant. It is more universal because it makes it possible to observe not just one selected satellite, but all that are in a certain part of the orbit. Therefore, if a signal from one satellite is enough for you (which is also a lot), you can install an azimuth-angle suspension. If you want to expand the list of programs and films on your TV, you definitely need a polar pendant.
2. Converter. This is the most important device, which is located in the middle of the satellite dish. The function of the converter is to collect the focused antenna signal. It is important to note that the converter is not susceptible to various interferences that fall into its area. Therefore, the images that reach your TV are characterized by the clearest picture possible.
3. Satellite receivers. Its function is to select a channel to watch. Moreover, it converts the signals into a form suitable for viewing on a home stereo system. Please note that all channels that the satellite receives are of two types: open and closed. Closed channels charge some fee to view them. Open - these are all options for free channels. In order to view open channels you only need to purchase and install satellite equipment.

It is important to opt for satellite TV without paying a subscription fee. In this case, you are provided with free viewing of government channels. You can purchase a more expanded package of TV programs for an additional fee.

But if you have the opportunity to install an antenna in an area of ​​reliable reception, then great prospects open up for you! And television without a monthly fee is now even more accessible to you. Many channels around the world are not encrypted. This allows you to significantly expand the list of possible programs for viewing.

Please note that you will also have access to the encoding function for some channels. Encoding is carried out using a cryptographic algorithm.

If you are in the process of building or renovating a house, then you need to pay attention in advance to laying the cable for installing satellite television. Pay attention to this issue in advance in order to avoid possible installation problems in the future.

We hope that we were able to convince you of the obvious advantages and benefits of satellite television. By connecting it you will receive impeccable image quality, a large selection of channels for every taste, and impeccable stereo sound. You will also be able to watch TV channels in foreign languages, which will help you improve your knowledge of the language you need. Discover new opportunities! And the whole world will be displayed on your TV!

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We all understand perfectly well what terrestrial television is.

Each city has one large transmitting antenna, it is usually higher than all the buildings and on a special tower. From it, radio waves are received by our stationary antennas, connected by cable directly to televisions. Which, thanks to their equipment, decrypt the signal. This way we get a picture on our screen.

Satellite television works according to the same scheme, but there are significant differences.

First, a satellite is launched into geostationary orbit, which must always be in one place relative to the earth in order to transmit a signal to a certain area. I call its transmission beams that way, relative to the territory - European beam, Russian beam, Asian beam. The satellite broadcasts to the earth like a flashlight shining on a ball in the dark. Therefore, the signal from it is not the same everywhere and to receive it in different places you need a different antenna size.

Since the signal on the ground is very weak, to strengthen it they use a satellite dish or, as it is popularly called, a satellite dish. Due to its geometry, such an antenna collects all the useful signal into one point - the focus, thus amplifying it.

A converter of the desired frequency range is placed at the focus, connected by a cable to the tuner. The most common KU, but there are also SI and KA. Now you can buy a universal KU converter everywhere, since the main broadcast is carried out in this range.

The tuner decrypts the signal and sends the finished image to the TV.

Satellites are placed in orbit for GPS navigation, the Internet, meteorology, and for various military purposes.

All television satellites in earth orbit

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Basic knowledge of satellite TV, equipment and terms. Concise and understandable.

Attention! Dear readers. This article was written back in 2001 and has since been only slightly edited several times. Since then, a lot has changed. The basic concepts (antenna, converter, multifeed, receiver...), naturally, have remained the same, but new technologies and modern developments have radically changed everything that is discussed in this publication. In the near future, I plan to write a new edition of this article, which would reflect the modern realities of the market for equipment for receiving satellite television.

Satellite television is initially divided into analog and digital. But analogue television is a thing of the past - the signal quality is unsatisfactory, the number of channels is constantly decreasing, the equipment is no longer produced, and installing a kit for receiving satellite analogue television now no longer makes sense. Another thing is the digital broadcast format - several thousand channels of various topics in all languages ​​of the world and excellent image and sound quality.

1. Mandatory condition. To begin with, you should make sure that at the installation site of the satellite dish (or as it is also called - dishes) there is an exit (open space not blocked by nearby high-rise buildings or trees) to the south (all this is done due to the fact that all satellites “hang "above the equator). This can be easily determined by using our auxiliary sign, or by looking to see if your neighbors have satellite dishes installed. If we are talking about a cottage, then the installation can be carried out on the roof (the south is open in any case), or on the ground if a large diameter plate is installed.

If this condition is absent, then the dish will either have to be taken to the roof of the building, which entails paying for additional cable wiring and installing an antenna of a larger diameter (and sometimes a number of other problems: a complex roof, weakening of the signal), or you will have to completely abandon satellite television .

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2. What are we going to watch? Next, you should decide which channels are on what topic(s) and in what languages ​​you are interested. Currently, in Moscow and the Moscow region it is possible to receive signals from about ten satellites. The most popular among them are: Hot Bird (more than 560 channels), Sirius (about 90 channels), Astra (more than 300) and Eutelsat W4 (NTV Plus and about 10 more channels). Our specialists will help you choose the appropriate satellite(s) and equipment from this abundance.

You can see which channels can be received from which satellites in the section Satellite television - Satellites and channels, and you can select the channel broadcast language you are interested in in the section Satellite television - Channel broadcast languages.

3. Satellite dishes. Satellite dishes are made of aluminum (cheap and cheerful) or steel (more than twice as expensive). The signal level, and, consequently, the quality and number of channels, depends on the diameter of the satellite dish. So, for example, to receive NTV Plus channels you will need a dish with a diameter of 60 cm, to receive channels from the Hot Bird satellite - 90 cm, for the Sirius satellite you can also use a 90 cm dish, but for reliable reception even in bad weather, it is better to set 1 ,2 meters. And, for example, for good reception of all channels from the Astra satellite, you will have to fork out for a dish with a diameter of 1.8 m (of course, a dish of this size cannot be installed everywhere).

Stationary plates, i.e. non-rotating ones are called azimuthal, rotating ones, which we will talk about later, are called polar ones.

• Plates are: offset - when the converter is installed on one (lower) mount;
• direct focus - the converter is placed on 3 mounts (not a practical or common option).

4. Multifeeds, actuators, positioners and motor suspensions. One dish with a diameter of at least 1.2 m can be tuned to 2 satellites at once (Astra + Hot Bird or Sirius + Hot Bird or Astra + NTV Plus, etc.), and even 3 (Hot Bird + Astra + NTV Plus )!!! But for this you will have to purchase an additional converter (one for receiving a signal from one satellite, the other from another), a multifeed (a device for attaching two converters to one dish) and a disc switch that allows you to send a signal from several (up to four) converters or dishes for one satellite receiver.

Also, a very common option is to install a rotating antenna (antenna with a polar suspension), which allows you to receive almost all satellites. But for this you will have to additionally purchase an actuator (turn signal) and a positioner (device that controls the actuator), or a receiver with a built-in positioner.

There are two types of positioners: disc positioner - controls the rotation of the plate automatically when switching channels; just a positioner (manual) - has a separate remote control, which requires you to change the position of the plate manually, or does not have a remote control at all and rotates the plate by pressing buttons on the positioner itself.

An alternative to an actuator is a motor suspension. Motor suspensions come with a built-in positioner, which makes their price at first glance seem higher than that of plates with an actuator; and there are also without it. However, the big disadvantages of all motorized suspensions are that such a system, firstly, is quite “flimsy”, and secondly, many receivers “glitch” with motorized suspensions with built-in positioners, i.e. They don’t work stably, or even don’t work at all!

Our organization is engaged in the installation of satellite dishes of almost any diameter.

It is also worth mentioning that to receive most satellite TV channels, converters with linear polarization are required, and for our beloved NTV Plus - with circular polarization.

6. Channels and encodings. Almost all satellites have free channels - FTA channels (on the Hot Bird satellite, for example, there are more than 150 of them), which can be viewed without cards and subscription fees, and thereby save on a satellite receiver (receiver), since receivers are for open channels They cost, of course, an order of magnitude lower. Paid (encoded) channels broadcast in various encodings (Viaccess, Mediaguard (popularly Seca), Irdeto, Betacrypt, Nagravision), and to see them you will have to purchase cards, a more expensive receiver, and in some cases, pay a subscription fee .

Recently, receivers with a hard drive (capacity from 20 Gb) have become popular, which allow you to record satellite broadcasts like a VCR, but they are also more expensive.

8. Cables. When installing satellite television systems, we use cables from Cavel (Italy) - SAT 700/703. These are high-quality, reliable and popular cables - an excellent choice for any satellite television set. It is worth noting that by saving and buying a cheaper cable, you can suffer greatly from the fact that the signal reaches the receiver very “attenuated” (not powerful enough), which will negatively affect the quality of the picture.

9. Access cards and programmers. To view encrypted channels you must have an access card. On the territory of the Russian Federation, only the NTV Plus television company has official rights to broadcast, and therefore to sell subscription cards. All other television companies whose channels can be viewed in Russia do not have the right to broadcast officially here, so the only way to see them is through pirated cards. Finding such cards is not a problem, they are not expensive and come in two types: GoldWafer - supports up to 15 providers of the same encoding; FunCard - supports 40 or more providers, 2 or more different encodings. All you have to do is write new codes (firmware) onto the card when the old ones expire (their validity period is from several days to several months).

To do this yourself, you will need a computer with Internet access and a programmer.

But maps are not the only way to see closed channels. Receivers with a built-in encoding emulator are becoming increasingly popular. To update the keys with such a receiver, you simply need to enter new valid keys from its remote control. Look for keys, again on the Internet.

There are receivers and modules that can automatically update keys, which, of course, is much more convenient!

10. Disadvantages. A lot of all kinds of channels of excellent quality is of course good, but in a barrel of honey, there is always One receiver - one TV. By installing one set for receiving satellite television, you will not be able to wire it throughout the house. The most you can do is watch the same channel on two (or more) TVs (like a VCR). So, if you want to watch satellite channels on two (or more) points, purchase a receiver for each TV.

Another major problem when receiving a signal from a satellite is rain, and to a lesser extent snow or hail. Microwave signals are absorbed by rain and moisture, while hurricane downpours can weaken the signal by a significant amount - on the order of 10 dB. Few receiving setups can handle this kind of attenuation, in which case the image signal can be instantly lost. Even moderate rainfall can cause signals to be attenuated by 2 to 3 dB, which may be enough to keep many receivers operating in noisy environments. There are the following ways to solve this problem: adjust the antenna more precisely, increase the diameter of the antenna, install a more sensitive low-noise converter.

11. Summary. So, let's summarize. If you have access to the south side, or the ability to install a satellite dish on the roof, then you can watch channels from more than ten satellites. The number of channels will depend on the size of the dish and the receiver you choose. The cost of a complete set is from 300 USD.

!!! Warranty for all equipment is 6 months, for work - 12 months. There are various options for additional services and technical support. Call, come - we are always glad to see you!

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