Computer lessons
→ ↓

How to enter commands on a computer. Running the Command Prompt on Windows

Windows for communicating with the computer in a language it understands. However, programs are still launched using the regular command line (console). It is the founder of the interface and a means of communication between the user and the PC. The essence of the work is that commands are entered into a line using the keyboard. This management method is often used by system administrators. Regular users should also know basic commands.

Console - what is it?

Windows programs are launched using the console - the command line. This is one of the types of text interface that has become available to many MS DOS users. Commands are entered into the command line manually. Many people consider the console to be an outdated management method, which is often needed by users and system specialists. The command line is a black window with a green location label and a blinking cursor. The corresponding command for the computer is entered into the specified location.

The Command Prompt is an incredibly convenient window for solving many problems. However, to interact with the console you will need knowledge of writing commands. The advantage is that they reduce the time required to complete complex actions. To do this, just enter the desired task in the line.

Why are teams needed?

Command line commands are necessary to establish user interaction with the operating system and computer. Working with the command line is an urgent need for specialists who are involved in system administration. The console is a small part of what you can use as a tool to work with Windows. The command line is convenient, fast, and can be used to easily solve many issues. Working with it will require knowledge of teams and skills that will lead to a positive result.

CMD - there are a huge number of commands. Practice will help you remember the main ones. Using commands, you can change, edit files, create, restore partitions, configure, run, restart the computer, delete folders, copy and much more. Experts advise making a list of important commands in alphabetical order in a notepad. It's convenient and helps you quickly find your way around.

How to start?

Windows command line commands run without much difficulty. Despite the graphical interface, the console has always been and is the main element of computer control. The basics of working with the console will be useful to the average user. To launch the command line, open the menu: “Start” - “Run”. Enter the word “Cmd” in the window that appears, press “Enter”. If the version of the operating system does not have the “Run” item, then the combination “Win ​​+ R”.

In Windows 7, right-click on “Start”, go to “Properties” - “Customize”, check the box next to “Run”. If you need to open the console as an administrator, enter the command “Cmd” in the “Start” search bar, right-click on the “Cmd” program, select “Run as administrator.” It is convenient to create a shortcut on the desktop that will open the console. The appearance of the line window can be changed according to the user's wishes (color, font, location).

Sometimes you may have problems copying and pasting text into the command line. In the case of the console, the clipboard buttons do not work. If you need to make a copy, right-click on the window, select "Mark", select the text with the left mouse button, and then right-click. To insert text or text, right-click the Paste command line window. In addition, you can work with the console using hot keys on the keyboard and the up/down arrows.

Basic

The main commands for the command line help the user to solve tasks of paramount importance in a short time.

Additional

The list of commands, which is auxiliary, is often used by system specialists to work with information located on the hard drive.

  • The “Format” command deletes data from the hard drive and prepares it for copying. As an example of a formatting command: “FORMAT disk:/FS:FAT (file system).”
  • The "FC" command compares files with each other.
  • “IPCONFIG” - shows complete information about the Network settings, and also reports the type of network connection “IPCONFIG/ALL”.
  • The PING command will check the site's availability. Example: “PING fb.ru”. The presence of numbers in the response indicates that everything is in order and the site is available for visiting.

Commands for the Network

Web command line commands let you surf the Internet efficiently, fix errors, and configure settings. If you need to find out your IP address, enter the “Ipconfig” command in the console. In different variations of Internet connection, you can find out complete information about the Network. After entering, the user will receive a list of network connections that are used by the computer. If the user's computer is connected to the Internet via Wi-Fi, the main gateway will be selected to communicate with the router. The user can access its settings through a command entered into the console. If the computer is connected to a local network, you can find out about the IP address through the command line with the corresponding request.

Using the “Ping” and “Tracert” commands, the user can quickly find and fix problems with the Internet and browser. The "Netstat-an" command displays network connections and ports. This is a very useful program because it displays various network statistics. The "-an" switch opens a list of available network connections, ports and IP addresses. The “Telnet” command connects to servers of the same name. If you need to get information about network settings, use the "Ipconfig" command. Without additional parameters, the command displays information about the IP address. If you need specific information, add the “All” command. Entering “Ipconfig/flushdns” into the line clears the cache in Windows.

Filters

Filters are command line commands that are used with the pipe redirection symbol. They are needed to sort, view and select information from other teams. Filters organize, divide, and highlight part of the information that passes through them. Among these commands are the following:

  • “More” - displays the contents of the file;
  • “Find” - searches for specified characters;
  • “Sort” - sorts files alphabetically.

In order to send data from a file, the “L” symbol is used, and the “I” channel is used to send data to the output.

Shutdown

In addition to the built-in CMD, the console is used to launch ordinary programs. In order to enter it, just type the desired combination of letters in the “Run” window. If you need to view the results, it is better to use a string. “SHUTDOWN” is a command that shuts down Windows if for some reason the Start button does not work. It is useful when the computer is performing a task that cannot be interrupted (and the user needs to leave and not leave the computer on for a long time). The device will turn off correctly upon completion of work on its own. It's better than setting a timer.

Type the following command “Shutdown-s-t-1300”, press “Enter”. The numbers are the time in seconds after which the device will turn off. The command to restart the computer from the command line is as follows: "Shutdown -r". Click "Confirm" to activate. “At” command - starts the PC at the time specified by the user. This utility reads and groups jobs in the Windows operating system.

Formatting

The list of commands for the console is huge. Many of them are harmless and simple, but there are special ones among them that require caution on the part of the user. Be careful! Sometimes it is necessary to completely format a disk or flash drive. The command to delete all data looks like this: “Format C”, auxiliary parameters “/fs” - determine the location of the file system of the formatting disk, “/v” - sets the volume label, “/a” - the cluster size. Do not execute the formatting command if you are not sure of your actions and do not know why it is needed. The command deletes all information from the PC!

Examination

Some command line commands are designed to check disks for system errors. The “CHKDSK” command without additional parameters displays information about the status of the hard drive. If errors are found, enter an additional “/f” to correct them. Before checking the drive, lock it. If the console is full of commands, enter “c/s” into the line to clear the screen.

The system files will be checked by the “Sfc” command. With its help you can recover damaged files. The command is supplemented with the parameters “/scannow”, “/scanonce”, “/scanboot”, which check and correct system errors in files.

Other

It is impossible to know all the commands on the line, but some of them will be useful to the user. For example, the "Assoc" command changes the association between extension and file type. If the user wants to find out detailed information about the operating system and the state of the computer, he should type “Systeminfo”. Using the system registry editor "Regent" you can change hidden OS settings. However, if you don’t know what’s what, it’s not recommended to do this due to the risk of breaking Windows. It is easy to call the system configuration - a special service by entering "Msconfic" into the command line. If you want to learn more about the commands, write “Help” in the console line, taking into account that the operating system is the seventh or eighth version of Windows.

Experts include network, system and filters as useful commands for the user. The "At" command consists of a whole set of commands that are used to install, reinstall, and configure the modem. It is also considered a team planner. With its help, you can change, cancel, configure tasks for a remote or local computer. In the Windows operating system, it is better to use the "SCHTASKS" utility instead of the "At" command. Its capabilities are much wider.

The command line, also known as the console, came to us from MS-DOS. It allows you to control the operating system (OS) by entering commands in text form.

Most users do not know or know very little about the Command Prompt, while experts often ask to open it for remote technical support. Knowing the basics of working with the command line will also be useful for independently fixing computer problems.

There are at least three ways to launch the command line in the Windows operating system. One of the fastest is to simultaneously press the Windows key (with the Windows icon) and R on the keyboard. This will open the Run menu. Just enter cmd and click OK. Please note that the command prompt will open with local user rights. If you need to open a command prompt with administrator rights, then use another method.

The second way is to open the search bar and enter cmd or “command prompt” into it, launch the command prompt by clicking on it with the mouse. If you want to run Command Prompt as an administrator, right-click on it and select "Run as administrator." This method will work if you have Windows 7 and later. For users of earlier versions of Windows, to run Command Prompt with Administrator rights, you need to find it in Standard Programs, right-click Command Prompt, and select Run as Administrator.


Teams

For the command line, there is a set of valid commands that must be entered using the correct syntax. To view a list of valid commands, type help and press Enter.

Let's look at the commands that may be useful when setting up anonymization tools.

ping

This command allows you to determine the presence of a connection with a remote computer, as well as the data transfer rate and the percentage of losses.

The remote computer that we will ping (we will determine the connection parameters with it) can be specified by name (for example, yandex.ru) or ip (for example, 77.88.55.60)
ping yandex.ru
ping 77.88.55.60


tracert

This command is used to determine which servers are in the network path to a specified resource and the response time of each of them. For example, to determine the path to yandex.ru, enter tracert yandex.ru on the command line.


ipconfig /all

The command is intended to display details of the current connection and manage DHCP and DNS client services, and allows you to determine configuration values.


route

The command provides access to the contents of the IP routing table. To view functions, enter the command without parameters: route

To display on screen: route print

To add a route to a destination: route add

For example, the default route with the default gateway address 192.168.12.1: route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1

To add a permanent route, you need to add the -p parameter after route, for example: route -p add 10.41.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 10.27.0.1


Bottom line

Now you know that the command line is not difficult at all. It allows you to access more information. Knowing just a few commands, you can answer almost any question from a technical support employee or apply recommendations from the instructions yourself. Share useful information with your loved ones.


04/23/16 11.3K

About two decades ago, there was no Start menu or taskbar. The friendly GUI we know didn't exist back then, but was instead a black screen with a blinking cursor. But if you need to access some elements of Windows, you will still have to open the Command Prompt or CMD:


If you've never used the command line, this guide will help you get up to speed and tell you some CMD commands you should know in case of emergencies.

To access it in Windows 7 or higher, you can type in the search bar "Start" menu " cmd" or " command line" You can also find it here: Start Menu - All Programs - Accessories - Command Prompt. You can find a complete list of parameters for each of the commands below on the Microsoft website.

Please note that the commands are not case sensitive and you need to press Enter to execute them.

Basic Command Line Commands

DIR is short for Directory, this CMD command for a beginner Lists all files and folders in a specific directory. As well as their size, extension and free space remaining on the disk. The command can be modified with additional parameters such as DIR /p ( lists pages by page), DIR /q ( displays information about the site owner), DIR /w ( lists in extended format with the maximum number of files per line), DIR/d ( displays a list in an expanded format divided into columns), DIR /n ( prints a long list in one line), DIR /l ( prints an unsorted list of directory and file names in lowercase), DIR /b ( displays a list of files without additional information). DIR /s lists the files and directories of a given directory, as well as all subdirectories. By entering DIR/? , you will see a list of all available options.

CD or CHDIR command ( Change Directory) is intended to change the directory. The command performs several operations. CD takes you to the very top of the directory tree. CD.. moves you to the parent directory of the current one. CD directory-name takes you to that directory. Type CD to display the name of the current directory.

MD or MKDIR ( Make Directory) allows you to create a directory (folder). To create a directory, use the following syntax: MD directory-name .

CLS clears the screen. This CMD command in Windows is used if the command line emulator is filled with a list of commands and their operations.

EDIT filename allows you to change the contents of the file.

The DEL command allows you to delete one or more files. Alternatively, you can use the ERASE command. To delete a file, use the DEL filename syntax.

If you want to delete all files with a specific extension, then enter DEL *.doc and all files with the doc extension will be deleted from the current directory. DEL *.* removes all files from the current directory, so be careful with this command.

RD or RMDIR - You can use this command to delete a folder, but the folder must be empty. The syntax is quite simple. Enter RD foldername. If you want to delete a folder that is not empty, you can use RD /S foldername. Be careful with this command as it permanently deletes the folder and all its contents.

RENAME , or REN, renames a file or directory. The syntax of this computer control CMD command is as follows: RENAME current-name new-name. For example, if you want to rename a file named iPhone.txt to iPad.txt , enter RENAME iPhone.txt iPad.txt .

MOVE allows you to move one or more files from one directory to another. For example, if you want to move the file 1.txt located in the current directory to a folder named Numericals inside the current directory, enter MOVE 1.txt Numericals .
If you have tried to rename a directory (folder) using the RENAME command in the above way, then you know that it does not work. The MOVE command will help us with this, since it can also be used to rename directories. Type MOVE current-name new-name, where current-name is the name of the directory in the current folder.

The COPY command allows you to copy one or more files from one location to another. The command allows you to merge files of the same type. Let's look at various examples of using the COPY command:

  • COPY filename foldername will copy the file filename to an existing folder;
  • COPY filename new filename creates a copy of the file with a new name;
  • COPY *.doc Word copies all files with a .doc extension to a folder named Word.

The CMD basic command XCOPY is for files and directories, including subdirectories. The simplest way to use it is to copy all the files from one drive to another. Syntax: XCOPY Source-drive: Destination-drive: /e, where the /e option allows you to copy all subdirectories, even if they are empty. Use /s to prevent copying of empty directories. You can use the folder names of the source drive or destination drive to simply copy the entire contents of one folder to another.

Additional commands

The FORMAT command in CMD allows you to erase information from the hard drive or prepare it for copying data if you installed a new disk. The syntax to use the command is: FORMAT drive: . If you want to reformat a specific drive for a specific file system, you can do this using the command: FORMAT drive: /fs: file-system, where filesystem can be: FAT, FAT32 or NTFS. After applying the command, all data from the disk will be erased without a trace.

FC - Used to compare two files with each other. Let's say you have two files gadgets360_1.txt and gadgets360_2.txt . To compare them, you need to enter the following command: FC gadgets360_1.txt gadgets360_2.txt.

IPCONFIG displays detailed information about the network settings: IP address, and also reports the type of network connection of your computer (using Wi-Fi or Ethernet). Type IPCONFIG /ALL to get an overview of all network settings, including which DNS servers you are using. Enter IPCONFIG /RENEW to obtain a new IP address from the DHCP server. This may help if you are having problems connecting to the Internet.

02/12/15 21.3K

Why is there such chaos in the world? Yes, because the administrator of our system forgot to fulfill his duties. Or I just lost the list of cmd commands from our world. Although this is a somewhat original look at the existing order of things, it nevertheless reflects part of the truth we need: using the command line, you can easily bring order to your computer:

What is the command line

The command line is the simplest tool for managing your computer's operating system. Control occurs using a number of reserved commands and a set of text keyboard characters without the use of a mouse ( in the Windows operating system).

On UNIX-based systems, you can use the mouse when working with the command line.

Some commands came to us from MS-DOS. The command line is also called the console. It is used not only to administer the operating system, but also to manage common programs. Most often, the most rarely used commands are included in this set of commands.

The advantage of using cmd basic commands is that it consumes a minimal amount of system resources. And this is important in emergency situations when all the computer’s powers are, one way or another, involved.

cmd implements the ability to execute and create entire batch files, which represent a specific order of execution of a number of commands (scripts). Thanks to this, they can be used to automate certain tasks ( account management, data archiving and more).

The Windows command shell for manipulating and redirecting commands to certain operating system utilities and tools is the Cmd.exe interpreter. It loads the console and redirects commands in a format that the system understands.

Working with the command line in the Windows operating system

You can call the console in Windows in several ways:

Both methods involve running the console as the current user. That is, with all the rights and restrictions that are imposed on its role in the operating system. To run cmd with administrator rights, you need to select the program icon in the Start menu and select the appropriate item in the context menu:


After launching the utility, you can get help information about commands and the format for writing them in the console. To do this, enter the help statement and press “Enter”:

Basic commands for working with files and directories

The most frequently used commands are:

  • RENAME – renaming directories and files. Command syntax:

RENAME | REN [drive/path] original file/directory name | final filename
Example: RENAME C:UsershomeDesktoptost.txt test.txt

  • DEL (ERASE) – used to delete files only, not directories. Its syntax is:

DEL | ERASE [processing method] [filename]
Example: Del C:UsershomeDesktoptest.txt/P

By processing method we mean a special flag that allows you to implement a certain condition when deleting a file. In our example, the “P” flag enables the display of a permission dialog for deleting each file:


More information about the possible values ​​of the “processing method” parameter can be found in the technical documentation for the Windows operating system.

  • MD – allows you to create a folder at the specified path. Syntax:

MD [drive:] [path]
Example:
MD C:UsershomeDesktoptest1test2

The example will create a subfolder test2 within the test1 folder. If one of the path's root folders does not exist, it will be created too:

  • RD ( RMDIR) – deleting a specific folder or all directories at a specified path. Syntax:

RD | RMDIR [process_key] [drive/path]
Example:
rmdir /s C:UsershomeDesktoptest1test2

The example uses the s flag, which will cause the entire branch of directories specified in the path to be deleted. Therefore, you should not use the rmdir command unnecessarily with this processing key.

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at network cmd commands.

Commands for working with the network

The command line allows you to manage not only the PC file system, but also its network capabilities. The console's network commands include a large number of operators to monitor and test the network. The most relevant of them are:

  • ping – the command is used to monitor the network connection capabilities of a PC. A set number of packets are sent to the remote computer and then sent back to them. The transmission time of packets and the percentage of losses are taken into account. Syntax:

ping [-t] [-a] [-n counter] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v type] [-r counter] [-s counter] [(-j host_list | - k node_list)] [-w interval] [target_PC_name]

Example command implementation:
ping example.microsoft.com
ping –w 10000 192.168.239.132

In the last example of the cmd ping command, the request is sent to the recipient with the specified IP address. The waiting interval between packets is 10,000 (10 seconds). By default this parameter is set to 4000:

  • tracert – used to determine the network path to a specified resource by sending a special echo message through the protocol
  • ICMP (Control Message Protocol). After running the command with parameters, a list of all routers through which the message passes is displayed. The first element in the list is the first router on the side of the requested resource.

Syntax of tracer cmd command:
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hop_number] [-j node_list] [-w interval] [target_resource_name]
Example implementation:
tracert -d -h 10 microsoft.com

The example traces the route to a specified resource. This increases the speed of the operation due to the use of the d parameter, which prevents the command from attempting to obtain permission to read IP addresses. The number of transitions (jumps) is limited to 10 using the set value of the h parameter. By default, the number of jumps is 30:

shutdown [(-l|-s|-r|-a)] [-f] [-m [\PC_name]] [-t xx] [-c “messages”] [-d[u][p]: xx:yy]
Example:
shutdown /s /t 60 /f /l /m \191.162.1.53

The remote PC (m) with the specified IP address (191.162.1.53) will shut down (s) after 60 seconds (t). This will force you to log out of all applications (f) and the current user's session (l).

Using Windows CMD commands you can launch system utilities much faster than doing it the usual way. And, although not everyone understands the meaning of this text interface, considering it outdated, in fact the tool is quite useful.

And not only for professionals, but also for ordinary users. Although to run most commands, you should run the command line (cmd) as an administrator.

The need to use the command line

The cmd line, which is a standard tool on the Windows platform, is no different in different versions of operating systems - the seventh, the eighth, the tenth, and even XP. And all teams work the same way in each of them.

The advantage of using a line is that it speeds up the work - sometimes entering the desired command is much faster than searching for the corresponding file in the system folders. Moreover, to speed up work with CMD, a link to it can be displayed on the desktop - or even on the Quick Launch panel.

The disadvantages of the interface are:

  • manual command entry from the keyboard;
  • the need to run CMD as an administrator (most commands will not run otherwise);
  • a fairly large list of commands that are difficult to remember.

Externally, the command line is largely reminiscent of the DOS system interface. And, although it allows you to solve many more problems, some commands are the same as the outdated platform. For example, “format”, “cd” and “dir”, necessary for working with folders and drives.

Working with the interface

Before you start working with the command line, you must first launch it. There are several ways to do this:

  1. Open the “Run” menu (pressing Win + R at the same time) and enter the cmd.exe command;
  2. Go to the Windows folder on the system drive, open the System32 directory and run the file called cmd.exe. You can simplify the task by creating a shortcut that launches the same application and install it on the desktop;
  3. Open the Start menu, go to the All Programs section, then to the Accessories subsection and find the Command Prompt.

You should know: After the first launch through the Start menu, CMD appears at the top of it - in the list of most frequently launched applications and utilities. And you can open a line while working in any application (even in a game), just by pressing the Win button on the keyboard.

Rice. 1. Command line of the Windows operating system.

The standard view of the command line is a black window with white text. If this option does not suit the user, he can change the colors depending on his preferences.

To do this, right-click on the top of the window and go to CMD properties. In the window that opens, you can select the location of the line, the colors of the text or window, and even the font sizes. Here you can expand the interface to almost the entire screen, increasing the level of convenience of working with it.

Rice. 2. Change command line settings

Commands to help you work with CMD

Hotkeys help make using the command line even easier - although they are not the same as the usual Windows shortcuts. Instead of pressing the standard Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V typings, copying and pasting text is done as follows:

  1. Right-click on the selected line in the open CMD window;
  2. Select “Mark”;
  3. Select text using the left button;
  4. Right click again. After this, all information ends up in the operating system's clipboard.

In order to paste the copied information, press the same right button and select “Paste”. You can simplify copying data by checking the “Mouse selection” box in the command line properties.

After this, the text can be immediately selected with the left button. If you uncheck the quick paste box, the data is inserted on top of already written commands.

List of hotkeys

When working with the command line, use the following “hot keys”:

  • The up and down arrows allow you to move the cursor around the window, including commands that have already been entered;
  • Home and End move the cursor to the beginning and end of the line, respectively;
  • the left and right arrows together with the Ctrl key pressed simultaneously allow you to move the cursor in a given direction by an entire word;
  • Insert, as in any text editor, switches the modes of inserting text with a shift to the right and overwriting over written data;
  • Esc deletes the selected information;
  • F1 allows you to enter the last recorded command one character at a time;
  • F5 prints the previous command;
  • F7 lists the last few entries. By default, their number is 50.

Basic commands

The list of basic commands that most users need is relatively small and consists of commands that perform the following actions:

  • work with catalogs;
  • provide statistics on the operation of various applications, the network and the operating system as a whole;
  • restore driver functionality;
  • turn off the computer.

Using the command line, you can even format the drive (including the system drive, which cannot be formatted from a Windows system by any other means) and even stop the process. Also, using CMD, the user gets access to the registry editor and the system configuration window much faster.

Working with catalogs

The main command for working with directories is dir. With its help you can check the contents of an open directory. And, if you need to open another folder, you should additionally specify the path to it. For example, select “dir C:\” or “dir D:\”.

Rice. 3. Checking the contents of logical drive C.

The second command for working with directories is cd. With its help you can go to any selected folder. For example, by writing “cd C:\Windows” on the command line, go to the system directory. To open a folder on a disk that is already selected, issue a command like “cd /D D:\”.

Rice. 4. Transition from local drive C to drive D.

The mkdir command creates a new folder. And the parameter that is set after it determines the name of the directory. So, after entering “mkdir D:\New_Folder”, the corresponding directory appears on drive D. If the user specifies several directories in the list at once (for example, “E:\New\Games\Fallout_3”), an entire tree of folders can be created.

Rice. 5. Create a new folder from the command line.

Running the rmdir command allows you to delete a directory by specifying its full path. For example, by writing "rmdir D:\New_Folder", you can erase the newly created folder. Although, if there are other files inside the directory, a message appears on the screen indicating that it is not empty. You can delete a non-empty folder by entering the command rmdir /S on the line. Before deleting, select “Y” (Yes), confirming your action.

Rice. 6. Deleting a folder using the rmdir command.

Turning off the computer

Using the shutdown command, you can turn off the computer - either immediately or by setting a timer:

  • shutdown /s simply stops the operating system, closing all unfinished processes;
  • When you select the shutdown /s /t 3600 command, the timer will be set to exactly one hour. If you need to set any other time, the corresponding number of seconds is written instead of 3600;

Rice. 7. Enable automatic shutdown of the system.

  • To cancel an already set timer, enter the shutdown /a command.

Rice. 8. Cancel shutdown.

The commands work the same on any operating system. The only difference is in the inscriptions that appear. For example, for Windows 7, messages are located in the lower right corner of the desktop.

View statistics

Viewing computer statistics begins with the systeminfo command. It provides the maximum amount of information about the Windows system. Although, to obtain information, it is more effective to use special applications rather than a system utility.

For example, AIDA64 is a universal program for collecting information, the only drawback of which is its shareware license. A month after use, you will have to pay for the utility - from 1400 to 2200 rubles. per computer, depending on the number of licenses purchased.

Rice. 9. Obtaining information about the computer and operating system.

The driverquery utility allows you to view a list of drivers and their properties. In the list that appears on the screen you can see the type of control program, the reference date and the name of the module.

Rice. 10. Display a list of drivers.

A utility called pathping, when run, shows information about the data lost during transmission between the starting and ending points. This command calculates loss ratios for different routers. And based on the results of the utility’s work, they identify access problems for individual routers.

Rice. 11. A utility that checks network operation.

The Netstat application shows information about active connections and statistics for various network protocols. When you run the command without specifying specific parameters, only TCP connections are displayed.

Rice. 12. Checking active TCP connections.

The tasklist command displays a list of all processes running on the system. With its help, you can view data received from a remote computer. Although, if additional parameters are not specified, information is displayed only about the current device.

The ipconfig utility displays information about the IP address and other parameters of the network adapter. Along with the command, additional parameters are used - for example, /all, which allows you to obtain information about each of the adapters.

Rice. 13. Obtaining information about network connections.

Changing system settings

The msconfig utility allows you to call up a menu that allows you to change the operating system configuration:

  • a list of programs that automatically load with the system;
  • launch options;
  • Windows boot options.

Most often, the command is used to remove or add an application to the startup tab. And sometimes they make changes to the loading order of operating systems - if two of them are installed on the computer (for example, Windows 10 and Windows XP, each of which may be more convenient for a particular user).

Rice. 14. Calling the menu for changing the system configuration.

Running the regedit utility allows you to open the system registry editor - one of the most useful applications with which you can get rid of the remnants of deleted programs, make changes to the operation of services and fix problems. It is worth noting that changing any values ​​(not to mention deleting) must be done very carefully. Errors in the registry can lead to system crashes and even reinstallation. Read also our material: TOP 3 programs for cleaning the Windows 7 registry.

Rice. 16. Start checking files on the system disk.

The format command, which has not changed for decades, allows you to format any disk, including USB flash drives. Selecting “format C:” formats the system partition. And with additional parameters, you can define the file system (/fs), set the volume label (/y), and even assign cluster sizes (/a). Without specifying certain conditions, the cluster is installed automatically.

Rice. 17. Formatting the H drive via the command line.

Stopping processes

Using a command, you can stop a specific process. For this, an identifier can be used (for example, 2616, if we are talking about the Paint graphic editor) and the /pid parameter. In addition, when stopping, the name of the process itself and another parameter /im can be used. The same editor is closed with the command taskkill /im MSPaint.exe.

Rice. 19. A utility that restores damaged system files.

Clearing the screen

After executing several commands, the window is filled with text, which may interfere with further work. You can get rid of unnecessary data using the CLS (Clear Screen) command. After launching it, the screen is completely cleared, leaving room for further user actions.

conclusions

With constant use of basic commands, they are easily remembered by the user. And in order to learn about new utilities or remember the names of old ones, you need to enter /help on the command line. A list of possible commands will appear on the screen, which are unlikely to be useful for the average user, but can simplify the work of local network administrators.


More on the topic of the article: