Depending on the scope of application, microphones are divided into the following categories.
Measuring microphones – used to measure various acoustic characteristics of rooms.
Concert microphones – used at live concerts and performances. They must be characterized by increased reliability and shock resistance. There may be wired microphones and radio microphones (give greater freedom of movement around the stage, therefore more comfortable).
Studio microphones – used to record the sound of vocals and musical instruments. They are the most expensive, but there are also budget models for recording sound at home. The recording quality also depends on the equipment with which the studio microphone will be used.
- Vocal(acoustic) microphones - used for dubbing and recording the human voice. They are distinguished by a rise in frequency response (amplitude-frequency response) in the region of 2-4 kHz - this emphasizes the brightness of vocals. Some microphones perform well when recording strings or wind instruments.
- Instrumental microphones – allow you to voice and record musical instruments. These microphones are characterized by a rise in frequency response at frequencies inherent to a particular musical instrument. Therefore, such models are selected for certain types of instruments: for example, the same microphone may work better with a piano and worse with drums.
Computer microphones are the cheapest and simplest models. They are mainly used for communicating via the Internet, for example, on Skype, and for dubbing videos. The requirements for them are much lower. First of all, microphones must be user-friendly.
There are several types of computer microphones based on their design:
- desktop microphones – are a stand with a microphone attached to it. The inconvenience is that you need to hold your head motionless at a constant distance from the microphone so that the sound is uniform;
- lavalier microphones- a structure that is attached to clothing using clothespins. Disadvantage: distance from the head. In order for the sound to be clear enough, it is necessary to increase the sensitivity of the microphone, but at the same time extraneous sounds will be heard strongly;
- headsets– the most popular designs consisting of headphones and a microphone.
There are microphones for laptops, phones and tablets: they differ from computer ones only in design. They are not particularly popular.
Other types of microphones
Microphones for video cameras– used in tandem with a video camera, for which an appropriate mount is provided on its body.
Microphones for voice recorder– used to work together with voice recorders. Although these devices have a built-in microphone, an external device is often more effective.
Microphones for video production a – are divided into two categories:
- for “field” reporting – dynamic omnidirectional microphones that are distinguished by good sensitivity;
- for studio work - condenser uni- or bidirectional models that provide high quality sound transmission.
Conference microphones– used in press centers and in the stands. They provide good sound transmission quality regardless of the speaker’s position in relation to the microphone, which is important for a comfortable performance.
Type
Capacitor microphones - used mainly for recording sound in the studio or at home. They require additional power: either from a battery, or from the mains, or power is supplied from the connection connector (the so-called “phantom” power). Allows you to record sound with minimal distortion. Disadvantages: high price, additional power required.
- Capacitor tube– a variation of previous microphones. They are characterized by a special “warm” sound, which is highly valued by many listeners and professional musicians. Used in studio work. The downside is the high cost.
Dynamic microphones – used for live sound at concerts, various events, karaoke. They have a durable design and are resistant to falls and shocks. Advantages: low price, no additional power required (you just need to connect the microphone to the appropriate connector), the ability to record sound with high sound pressure, for example, drums.
Dynamic tape– a type of dynamic microphones. They differ from standard models in higher accuracy of sound transmission. The result is a “velvety” sound. Disadvantages: high price, bulkiness, fragility. Such microphones are rare and are used in studios.
Electret microphones– the characteristics resemble capacitor models. They are favorably distinguished by their lower price, greater compactness, and better resistance to external influences. Some devices require battery power, while others require powerful phantom power.
Focus
This characteristic displays the sensitivity of the microphone to the location of the sound source.
Types of microphones depending on directionality.
One- or bidirectional microphones– perceive sound only from one or two sides. Types of directions:
- cardioid directionality - the microphone perceives only sound coming from the front. Sounds from other directions are practically ignored;
- supercardioid directivity - the area in which the microphone perceives sound narrower than the previous version. It also partially picks up sound coming from behind;
- hypercardioid directivity is similar to supercardioid, but the “rear” sound perception zone is slightly larger;
- semicardioid directionality – typical for microphones that need to be placed on any surface;
- eight– microphones with this directionality perceive sound coming from the front and back equally well, but completely ignore sounds coming from the sides.
Omnidirectional– such microphones perceive sound from any point where the sound source is located. A variant of omnidirectional microphones are devices with hemispherical directionality - they perceive sound from a hemisphere, front or back.
Some models have switch directionality, allowing you to change them depending on the use of the microphone. This is especially useful for studio microphones.
Nutrition
"Phantom"– power is supplied through the cable connecting the microphone and the receiving equipment. This option eliminates the need to monitor the battery charge level. At the same time, freedom of movement depends on the length of the network cable.
Important: For the microphone to work properly, you need a receiver or amplifier that supports this power supply. Some devices are equipped with a module that makes it possible to be powered from a regular network (220 V).
Battery– has no unnecessary wires and provides maximum freedom of movement, which compares favorably with the phantom method. However, this option requires regular battery recharging. Used in electret and wireless devices. Almost never found in condenser microphones.
Battery/phantom– works on two power supply methods. A universal solution.
Characteristics
Sensitivity– shows the minimum sound level that the microphone perceives, indicated in one of the units of measurement:
- decibels (db)– the lower the value, the more sensitive the microphone;
- millivolts per pascal (mV/Pa)– the higher the value, the more sensitive the microphone.
Sound pressure level– shows the maximum volume level that the microphone can accept. It is measured in decibels (dB). Average value – 100 dB, high value – 130 dB.
Frequency response– the frequency range in which the microphone produces sound. The lower the received sound, the lower the lower range value should be. For example, for vocals there is enough range 80-15000 Hz, and to record drums you will need a frequency 30-15000Hz.
ADC bit depth and sampling rate– An ADC (analog-to-digital converter) converts the analog signal from the microphone capsule into a “digital” signal. The higher the bit depth and sampling rate, the closer the digital sound is to the original analog sound.
Indicative indicators:
- ADC capacity– 16 bits (professional microphones), 32 bits (elite models);
- ADC sampling rate– 8 kHz is considered optimal. There are microphones with a sampling frequency of 96 kHz, which is not always justified - as this parameter increases, the volume of transmitted data increases.
Signal to noise ratio– the higher this ratio, the less the sound is distorted. Measured in decibels (dB). For good microphones this parameter is 64-66 dB, professional models can boast a value of 72 dB and higher.
Nominal resistance (impedance)– device resistance to alternating current. This parameter determines the compatibility of the microphone with the equipment to which it is connected. Impedance is especially important in professional equipment, but for devices working in conjunction with laptops, computers, and phones, this parameter is often not specified.
Cable length or range– the degree of freedom of movement and ease of use of the device depend on this parameter. The longer the wire/higher the range of the wireless connection, the more comfortable it is to work with the microphone.
Important: Range is based on ideal conditions (including no interference, full battery). The actual value will be less. Therefore, choose a wireless microphone with some range.
Interfaces
XLR– this connection is resistant to interference and is securely fixed in the socket. The downside is the large size of the connector. Microphones with XLR are professional models that require high quality signal transmission.
- mini-XLR– a smaller version of the previous interface. Used in more compact equipment.
mini-Jack (3.5 mm)– a widely used interface. This connection provides a relatively low quality of signal transmission. Microphones with a mini-Jack interface are not suitable for professional work.
Jack (6.35 mm)– a middle option between mini-Jack and XLR. This option provides a more reliable connection and reduces the possibility of interference. The increased size of this connector makes it more difficult to use in portable equipment. The Jack interface is most often used in karaoke microphones.
TA4F– a special connector with small dimensions. Found in professional microphones, such as compact lavalier and head-mounted models.
USB– most often used in studio microphones.
Lighting/30-pin– used in microphones for Apple phones and tablets. 30-pin is an outdated interface (until 2011 inclusive), Lighting is used in modern technology (since 2012). An adapter is needed to connect these connectors.
Sometimes microphones contain proprietary interfaces - they are used by certain manufacturers.
Functions
Wireless connection– provides maximum freedom of movement, which is important when working on stage. Unlike wired models, such microphones require batteries, and their price is higher. Other disadvantages include: low chance of interference, limited battery life. Found in vocal microphones.
Operating principle: the microphone is connected to the receiver using a radio channel, and the receiver itself is connected to the amplifier by wire.
- Manual- held in hand. Widely used for concerts, festivals, presentations, and for singing karaoke.
- Lavalier– frees the user’s hands. Mainly used when recording television programs.
- Head– like the previous option, it leaves your hands free, but is located much closer to the speaker’s mouth, which improves sound clarity. In some situations, a head-mounted microphone is easier to attach than a lavalier microphone - it does not impose any clothing requirements.
- Manual+head, manual + lapel– combinations of previous types, combining their advantages.
Radio system– a wireless microphone equipped with a receiver and other devices necessary for work. This solution is more convenient than searching for and purchasing separately additional equipment, primarily a receiver.
Flexible leg– allows you to change the position of the capsule without having to move the microphone. A rigid leg with a swivel mount also serves the same purpose, but compared to it, a flexible analogue gives a greater degree of freedom. Used in laptop, computer and conference microphones.
LPF– low-pass filter (Roll-off). Reduces the level of low frequencies, which improves the quality of sound transmission. As a result, the amount of interference from wind noise, human breathing, and impacts on the microphone is noticeably reduced. This option is useful to control the “proximity effect” (increasing the volume of low frequencies when approaching a noise source). Found in electret and condenser models.
Stereo recording– records sound from a microphone in stereo format. Typically, this function is implemented in bidirectional microphones, less often in paired sets.
Attenuator– reduces the output signal level. Used to reduce sound volume to prevent equipment overload.
Mute the microphone– useful in a number of cases: when communicating via Skype, so that the interlocutor does not hear extraneous conversations; to avoid unpleasant sound in the speakers due to rearranging the microphone and so on.
Adjusting sensitivity– makes it possible to change microphone settings based on the current situation (primarily sound volume). In this case, you do not need to use adjustments in other elements of the audio system.
Switching patterns– allows you to select the polar pattern (DP) of a unidirectional microphone (cardiod, supercardiod, and so on). On some models, this option is used to switch between different operating formats (unidirectional, bidirectional, omnidirectional).
Headphone output– to connect headphones to a microphone. This option is typical for studio devices, as it helps control the quality of vocals during recording. Most often, headphones are connected via mini-Jack.
Housing material
Plastic– cheap, lightweight, corrosion-resistant material. The downside is low strength. Used in headsets, lapel microphones, computer, laptop models, as well as video camera devices.
Metal– beats plastic in strength. Disadvantages: high price, significant weight, susceptibility to corrosion. Used in vocal, instrumental, studio microphones.
Equipment
Transmitter (external)– a device that is equipped with miniature models with a wireless connection (headsets, lavalier microphones). The microphone is connected to a transmitter, which is hung on the belt. This design of the microphone allows it to be connected to other equipment, and not just to the transmitter.
Receiver– a receiver found in wireless microphones. The receiver connects to various audio equipment, for example, an amplifier to transmit a signal from a microphone to it.
Monitor mount– used in computer microphones. A good solution when there is a shortage of free space on the table where the computer is located. This mount can also be used to work with a laptop.
Exposed wire– an open section of the microphone, which is used for connection to equipment that has terminals (including public address systems). Accordingly, such a microphone does not have a plug.
Display– displays information about microphone operation. Most often found in wireless models, when using which it is important to know about the battery level, the selected channel, and so on.
Stand holder– allows you to easily install the model on a stand/tripod or remove it. This holder is used in instrumental and vocal microphones. Useful for concert activities.
Anti-shock suspension (“spider”)– dampens sound interference from various vibrations of the microphone caused by people’s steps or the operation of equipment.
Pop filter– a round plate that is installed in front of a studio microphone when recording vocals. This screen prevents sound interference from air flow (exhalations into the microphone). The pop filter protects the microphone from splashes of saliva, which extends its service life.
Detachable cable– makes it possible to change the supplied cable for a longer or shorter one. This solution greatly simplifies the transportation and storage of the microphone.
Power adapter– supplies phantom power from a standard outlet (220 V) to an electret or condenser microphone. Useful if you need to connect a microphone to receivers, players and other equipment that do not have inputs with phantom power.
Tripod– a miniature tripod for mounting the microphone on a table or other high surface. Such a tripod is easy to carry, but this solution is not suitable for working with a structure on the floor or ground.
When choosing, you should remember that if you have a limited budget and the main use of the microphone is home use, then you can limit yourself to buying a dynamic microphone. If you need to achieve maximum quality for recording voices and musical instruments, then you need to purchase a more expensive condenser microphone.
Choosing the right microphone means a third of the success of high-quality vocal recording. An unsuitable or low-quality microphone will ruin the sound of the vocalist and the entire song. Therefore, the choice of a recording device must be approached responsibly.
The question “Which microphone should I choose for recording vocals?” Every musician has asked himself this question at least once. It would seem that it is enough to find a device that is suitable for the price and quality and pick it up in the store, but in reality everything is not so simple. In a home recording studio, when there is no money to buy a whole fleet of microphones, you want to make the only right choice the first time.
Editorial website tells how to choose a microphone for recording vocals. We studied the market and selected the thirty best microphones for vocal recording in the low, mid and high price segments. When compiling the list of devices, external factors that influence the choice of microphone were not taken into account: the structure of the room, the presence of sound insulation, and individual voice characteristics. We selected microphones only based on price and quality ratio.
Microphones for vocal recording: 40+ best models. Content:
How to choose a microphone for recording vocals
Microphone Directivity
Microphone directionality determines how the microphone records its surroundings and is matched to the room in which it is being recorded. Based on directionality, microphones are divided into several types:
- Omnidirectional and hemispherical;
- Unidirectional - cardioid, supercardioid, hypercardioid and semi-cardioid;
- Bidirectional.
Omnidirectional microphones react to all sounds around them, that is, they record sound both in front and behind them. Omnidirectional microphones are great for recording multiple vocalists or percussion, or when the room has unique acoustic characteristics. Hemispherical microphones react to signals from one side of the sphere, but record them as clearly and honestly as possible.
Scheme of operation of omnidirectional and hemispherical microphones.
Unidirectional cardioid microphones record the signal in front of the microphone, ignoring everything that happens on other sides. Such devices are the best choice for home recording studios and imperfect acoustic rooms where it is not possible to equip a full-fledged vocal room. By adding a sound-absorbing screen behind the microphone to such a microphone, you can eliminate unwanted room echoes.
Scheme of operation of cardioid, supercardioid and hypercardioid microphones. Supercardioid microphones have a narrower sound capture zone in front of them, but at the same time collect a little signal behind them. Hypercardioid microphones develop the ideas of supercardioid devices: an even narrower sound capture zone in the front and a wider zone in the back. Semi-cardioid microphones often used at lectures, meetings and other speaking events.
Bidirectional microphones have greater versatility due to the ability to switch the radiation pattern. The price of such devices is significantly higher than that of omnidirectional or unidirectional microphones, but in return the sound engineer receives a device that is ready for recording in different rooms.
Scheme of operation of a bidirectional microphone. PROS AND CONS OF MICROPHONES OF DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS
Microphones with omnidirectional polar pattern:
- Depends on the acoustics of the room;
- Record the natural reverberation and echo of the room;
- They do not have acoustic insulation;
- They have low sensitivity to the sounds of human breathing;
- They have an extended low frequency range, which is suitable for recording low-sounding instruments.
Unidirectional cardioid and supercardioid microphones:
- Isolates unwanted sounds and signals coming from the side and rear of the microphone;
- Less sensitive to the acoustic properties of the room;
- They have the maximum difference in the sound of signals coming from the front and rear.
Unidirectional hypercardioid:
- Almost completely insensitive to sounds coming from the side;
- Have the greatest possible insulation from adverse room effects, extraneous noise and feedback effects;
- Prevents audio signal leakage.
Bidirectional:
- Used when recording speech;
- They are isolated from any unfavorable sounds, which is useful when recording a drum kit.
Microphone sensitivity
People have a nasty habit of constantly moving away from the microphone. The sensitivity of the microphone helps minimize losses in the volume of the sound signal due to the movement of the vocalist. It is the good sensitivity that has made the Shure SM7B microphone an indispensable tool at radio stations.
Microphone frequency range
The range of reproduced frequencies of the microphone allows you to understand what instruments and sound sources can be recorded using the device. Some microphone models record more high frequencies, others - low frequencies, and others have a balanced sound. For this reason, the same instrument will sound different when recorded with different microphones.
Comparison of reproduced frequency ranges for Oktava 319 (top) and Shure SM58 (bottom) microphones. The range of reproduced frequencies of a microphone can be the main argument in favor of purchasing a particular model. Decide which instruments and vocals you will record. Think about which frequencies you can boost or cut with an equalizer, and which can be left alone. This will reduce the number of suitable microphone models.
Power supply
Almost all microphones require +48V phantom power. While budget devices prefer to be powered by a sound card, more expensive microphones often come with their own external power source.
If you have frequent on-site sessions, look towards microphones with phantom power. If you plan to use the microphone only in the studio, then feel free to consider devices with a separate power source.
Microphone noise level
Noise level is one of the biggest drawbacks of budget microphones. In foreign methods, the noise level is designated as “Noise Floor”, and its value reflects the noise level produced by the microphone itself.
A microphone connected to the sound card produces background noise even when not recording. Noise occurs for various reasons: electrical interference, operation of a preamplifier or audio interface, poor-quality cables. It is difficult to identify the real cause, and it is almost impossible to find out the real noise level of a microphone without testing with your own equipment.
Microphone dynamic range and headroom
The dynamic range in the diagram shows that the microphone will record all sounds between 15-135 dB without frequency loss. The microphone still has 19 dB (headroom) left, which acts as overload protection. The dynamic range of a microphone is the difference between the minimum and maximum volume levels of sound that can be recorded by a microphone. Within the dynamic range, the microphone will record the full spectrum of frequencies, while outside its boundaries, the microphone will miss individual frequencies.
Headroom is the dynamic headroom of a microphone, at which it records a signal without overload.
Before purchasing a microphone, decide what sound sources you will be recording. If we are not talking about recording too quiet or loud instruments, then choose models with average values.
Microphones for vocal recording: the best models in terms of price and quality ratio
out of 43
TASCAM TM-80
TASCAM TM-80 TASCAM's budget entry into the microphone market was more than successful. The level of the microphone is slightly better than the particularly popular SAMSON C01, but the manufacturer provides a spider, cable and stand as part of the load when purchasing. The microphone sounds quite adequate for its price: there are dips in frequencies, neutrality is poor, but you can still write speech and vocals. If you're on a budget but still want to set up a vocal part of your home studio, then the TM-80 will be an excellent choice as your first device.
out of 43
sE Electronics X1 S
sE Electronics X1 S The best microphone for recording vocals in the category up to 10,000 rubles. The new version of the X1 S features low noise when working with quiet sources and a large amount of gain, as well as a completely neutral and smooth sound. The model copes well with Russian vowels and sibilants, which is rare among budget models. Ideal for beginning musicians as a first serious microphone for a home recording studio.
out of 43
AKG D5
AKG D5 Direct competitor to the legendary Shure SM58 microphone. The AKG D5 is a device for those who need a versatile microphone for vocals. The device copes equally well with both studio work and concerts.
out of 43
Samson METEOR USB
Samson METEOR USB One of the most popular budget microphones on the market, the METEOR is often a beginner's first choice microphone. The sound picture is better suited for announcer work, but the device also copes with vocal recording without any problems. Separately, it is worth noting the presence of a MUTE button, which is useful for those who stream.
out of 43
Samson C01U PRO USB
Samson C01U PRO USB Despite the presence of many negative reviews, it is one of the bestsellers in the budget segment. Affordable price, normal voice transmission for a device of this level. It makes no sense to demand much from such a device, but the C01U is quite suitable as a first microphone.
out of 43
Shure SM58
Shure SM58 One of the most popular microphones for live performances. Among the advantages: low price, built-in pop filter and resistance to any interference. Additionally, it is worth noting the robustness of the design - in terms of survivability, the Shure SM58 can easily compete with the Nokia 3310. The model is not ideal (it lacks high frequencies), but it will be an excellent choice for novice sound engineers and young rock singers working in their own studio.
out of 43
Rode M3
Rode M3 Budget condenser microphone with a small diaphragm. The miniature Rode M3 is suitable for recording vocals, acoustic guitars and electric instruments. The model can be powered by phantom power or 9V batteries, which makes the device mobile and convenient for working in the field.
out of 43
AKG P120
AKG P120 The third version of the AKG Perception 120, short named P120, is somewhat similar in sound to the less expensive Audio-Technica AT2020. The signal sounds light, with a slight touch of compression, the highs are smooth, but not boring. The immediate advantage is that the microphone is suitable for most voices, including women's voices, which need a little less edge and more depth. The AKG P120 is far from the quietest microphone, but the noise produced does not interfere with recording anything. If you want more in the same form, look towards the P220 - it is more expensive, but higher level.
out of 43
Audio-Technica AT2020
Audio-Technica AT2020 A convenient option for beginning musicians and those who want to get maximum quality at an affordable price. Audio-Technica AT2020 pleasantly embellishes the voice and clearly conveys timbre. Working with the device is incredibly simple - just connect the microphone to your computer and select it as an input source to start recording vocals or hosting a podcast.
Audio-Technica has released two AT2020 models: one with a USB connection, the other with a standard XLR connector. The price difference between the two varieties is minimal, so choose the one that best suits your studio.
out of 43
JZ Microphones HH1
JZ Microphones HH1 The lightweight JZ Microphones HH1 sounds brighter than most dynamic microphones. Unlike the Shure SM58, the output signal of this model is more powerful (thanks to +3 dB gain), and the output noise is much less, even when working with quiet sound sources.
out of 43
AKG C1000S
AKG C1000S Perhaps the most versatile microphone ever. Every musician and sound engineer should own the C1000S: the device is suitable for recording any instruments, studio and concert vocals. Add to this the equally clear and high-quality transmission of any signals and the ability to work even on batteries to understand why it is called the “Swiss Army knife” of the world of microphones.
out of 43
Lewitt LCT 240
Lewitt LCT 240 The Austrian company Lewitt is famous for the Lewitt LCT 640 microphone, considered a true classic in the world of microphones. Since not everyone can pay almost €900 for a microphone, the company has released a simplified and very cheaper model of the device. The Lewitt LCT 240 has a powerful tone and a solid tone that is perfect for deep male vocals. There is no trace of manual assembly in the device, but this is where the disadvantages of the microphone end.
out of 43
Sontronics STC-2X/STC-3X
Sontronics STC-2X The Sontronics STC-2X makes vocal recording a pleasure. Clear and detailed sound, dense low end without frequency drops and a pleasant presence effect, manifested in frequencies in the upper-bass region. If the STC-2X is difficult to obtain, feel free to switch to the STC-3X - an updated version of the second generation.
out of 43
NADY SCM 1000
NADY SCM 1000 The microphone has been in production for more than 20 years and has long been considered the best in terms of price and quality ratio. Sounds on par with sE Electronics S1 X, Audio-Technica AT2020 and AKG P120. While the sound is warm and quite pleasant, the device has exactly two drawbacks:
- For 20 years, NADY have not learned how to sell their goods: everything comes in a simple cardboard box and looks as if you are buying a terrible Chinese product, and not a high-quality device;
- You can find many cheaper, name-brand and, most importantly, high-quality microphones on sale.
out of 43
Oktava MK-319
Oktava MK-319 The condenser Oktava MK-319 features a wide diaphragm and warm and clear sound. The device performs equally well when recording any sound sources, although its sound may seem somewhat flat. The creators claim that they tried to ensure accurate signal transmission so that everything recorded sounded exactly the same as in reality. Whether this is true or not is an open question.
out of 43
Behringer B-2 PRO
Behringer B-2 PRO The second version of the popular budget microphone, released in 2003 and surviving to this day without any changes. When creating the microphone, Behringer took the Neumann U87 as a basis, trying to make a budget version of it. This partially worked out: the sound of the microphone is surprisingly versatile, smooth and rich for its level, suitable for recording vocals, speech and musical instruments. A double capsule is installed inside the microphone, and the device itself can operate with different polar patterns, depending on the position of the regulator on the body. The B-2 is definitely worth the money.
out of 43
Blue Microphones Spark Digital
Blue Microphones Spark The Spark Digital microphone is designed for those who are used to recording in the field. The device is based on the classic Blue Microphones Spark model, in which the XLR port is replaced by USB. The model is characterized by pleasant sound and ease of use: you can record even from tablets and smartphones on Android and iOS.
out of 43
SE Electronics SE 2200
SE Electronics SE 2200 The sE Electronics SE 2200 condenser microphone is an updated version of the popular sE 2200a II microphone. sE Electronics engineers did an excellent job, as the SE 2200 is the best microphone for recording vocals in the range of 15,000-17,000 rubles.
Unlike the very first version of the SE 2200a, the company decided to abandon several polar patterns, limiting musicians to cardioid. Despite this, the sound of the microphone is balanced and smooth, without embellishments or distortion - the voice sounds juicy, powerful and, at the same time, natural. In general, you definitely won’t regret buying the SE 2200.
out of 43
AKG C3000
AKG C3000 Today, the AKG C3000 is the only representative of the C line, which is more professional in comparison with PERCEPTION (the C2000 and C4000 models were discontinued due to unpopularity). The C3000 is versatile: the model can easily record voice, speech, musical instruments and any other sound sources.
The microphone sounds smooth across the entire spectrum, the signal is neutral. Separately, it is worth noting the presence of two capsules, a −10 dB attenuator and the ability to operate from phantom power not only 48V, but also 15V, which is available on many mixers.
out of 43
MXL V69 ME
MXL V69 ME Despite the excessive brightness when transmitting voices, the MXL V69 ME has a rich tube sound and the ability to add additional beauty to any voice.
out of 43
Rode NT1-A
Rode NT1-A Despite rare inaccuracies in timbre transmission and a slight frequency spike around 120 Hz, the Rode NT1-A sounds quite pleasant. Some users note excessive neutrality in sound transmission, but much of this depends on preference. Thanks to its high-quality build, good performance and affordable price, the Rode NT1 is rightfully considered the best condenser microphone for recording vocals in the budget segment.
By the way, Rode also produces the NT1-A in three variations: NT1-A, NT1-A Recording Pack and NT-USB. The first is the model itself without additional accessories, the second is a set consisting of a microphone, spider, pop filter and cable. As for NT-USB, the model is a special version of NT1-A, powered by a USB port and aimed at those who conduct podcasts and streams.
out of 43
Rode NT1
Rode NT1 The Rode NT1 is similar in features to the NT1-A, although the company notes that the only similarity between the models is the protective mesh. The NT1 conveys voice clearly, adding warmth in the low end. There are also no problems with the transmission of medium and high frequencies. If you're looking for a microphone for recording vocals, you're not strapped for money, but you don't want to overpay - take the Rode NT1, you won't regret it.
out of 43
Rode NT3
Rode NT3 Competitor to AKG C1000 from Rode Microphones. It sounds clean and quite natural, so you can use it to record anything: guitars, keyboards, vocals. Additionally, it is worth noting its ease of use - the NT3 can even be powered by batteries, which can be useful at concerts, where the microphone is just as good as in the studio.
out of 43
JZ Microphones J1
JZ Microphones J1 JZ Microphones J1 is a real legacy of radio electronics of the USSR and the Riga Radio Engineering plant. The J1's sound is on par with the Rode NT2, if not superior to it. The device offers natural signal transmission for both voice and musical instruments, as well as a combination of detail and softness of sound. The J1 is perfect for those musicians who want to buy one universal, but the highest quality microphone for recording any material.
Unfortunately, JZ Microphones products have not found the proper response among domestic musicians: some simply do not trust an “unfamiliar brand”, others do not like their rectangular shape. But in vain.
out of 43
Audio-Technica AT2050
Audio-Technica AT2050 A high-quality universal microphone of an average price, sounding equally good when working with any polar pattern. The AT2050 is an improved version of the AT2020 with tighter low end, excellent balance across the spectrum and very little noise. In addition, the model is equipped with three polar patterns, which increases its versatility. The device copes with high sound pressure without any problems and is perfect for a semi-professional home studio.
out of 43
Avant Electronics Avantone CR-14
Avantone CR-14 An inexpensive, retro-style ribbon microphone that's versatile. Avantone CR-14 is suitable for recording vocals and any musical instruments - guitars, keyboards, strings, percussion. The sound is warm and a little dark, so be prepared for a little post-processing on the vocals in the treble area.
out of 43
AKG C 214
AKG C 214 The younger brother of the premium model AKG C 414. It sounds great, has the highest detail and gives the voice pleasant rich colors. Without a doubt, the best microphone for vocal recording in the sub-$500 price range.
out of 43
Rode NT1000
Rode NT1000 The most affordable microphone for recording vocals from the professional Rode line, and according to some sound engineers, even the best. There's no polarity switching or filters like the more expensive NT2000, but the lack of bells and whistles is made up for by its sound. Accurate, smooth and pleasant voice transmission, absence of distortion and frequency surges, deliberate embellishment and many other shortcomings. The NT1000 sounds a lot more expensive than its price, but if you need an attenuator and a directivity switch, look no further than the NT2000.
out of 43
JZ Microphones Vintage 11
JZ Microphones Vintage 11 JZ Microphones Vintage 11 features deep sound, stylish appearance and high voice accuracy. When creating the device, JZ Microphones engineers were inspired by the design of microphones from the 1920s to 1950s, as well as the sound of the classic Neumann U47, Neumann U67 and AKG C12.
out of 43
Rode NT2 (NT2-A)
Rode NT2-A A proven omnidirectional microphone with a neutral sound and smooth tonal balance across the entire spectrum. Regardless of the selected operating mode, the microphone features good high-frequency detail and a dense and fairly deep low end. Some people think that the device is characterized by problems with sibilants of the Russian language, but whether this is true or not is an open question, much depends on the vocalist himself.
You can find quite a few omnidirectional microphones on sale, whose sound will be no worse than the NT2-A, but not everyone can compete with its low noise level. By the way, the model is still produced exclusively in Australia, which often becomes the decisive point when choosing this device.
out of 43
SE Electronics SE 4400A
SE Electronics SE 4400A Thanks to its omnidirectional design, the sE Electronics SE 4400A is suitable for any studio application, be it recording vocals, speech or musical instruments. The recorded voice sounds clear, and musical instruments sound loud and bright. Add a little compression and equalization to the signal, and the result is unparalleled sound.
There is a wide variety of microphones on the market at varying prices. How to understand this diversity, which microphone to choose? What you should pay attention to when choosing a microphone, and in general how to choose a microphone will be discussed in this article.
A microphone is an electroacoustic device whose main functions are sound recording and sound amplification. The modern world of cinema and music is impossible to imagine without a microphone. And each of us uses this device every day, at least on the phone.
It is very important to clearly understand that microphones have certain technical characteristics, which will vary depending on the application of the device. So, first you need to decide what you need a microphone for. And here there are many options, both for live performances and for recording sounds in various conditions, and perhaps you need a microphone for your computer so that you can communicate with friends via the Internet. And naturally, in the latter case, you don’t need to spend money on an expensive microphone; your need will be satisfied by the simplest microphone with a USB connector.
Types of microphones
There are two most popular types of microphones: condenser and dynamic. Let us dwell in more detail on the use of each type and their structure.
Dynamic microphone
The advantage of this type of microphone is that it does not need an external power source, in addition, its design is quite simple. The operating principle is based on vibrations of the membrane, which are transmitted to a current conductor passing through a magnetic field.
This type of microphone is widely used for live performances and concerts, although they are also used in recording studios. In addition, there are models of dynamic microphones specifically designed for various instruments (for example, for a variety of drums).
Condenser microphone
Its action is based on changing the capacitance of the condensate, which is located between the plates, which are affected by sound. This type of microphone requires an external power supply. These microphones are more suitable for studio work, namely for sound recording, they transmit sound with the purest and highest quality. However, they are very sensitive to external conditions (humidity, ambient temperature, distance to the sound source, to extraneous sounds), which precludes their use in “field” conditions. However, there are models of this type that can also be used during live performances, for example, a choir performance. Such microphones are installed on special holders.
How to choose a microphone: characteristics
In order to choose the right microphone, it is important to understand its technical characteristics, or at least know what they mean. Let's look at the main characteristics of a microphone that affect the quality of sound transmission:
- sensitivity
- focus
- sound pressure level
- frequency range
Let's look at each indicator in more detail.
Sensitivity
This indicator indicates how quiet a sound your microphone can detect. It is worth noting that condenser microphones are more sensitive. However, high sensitivity is not always justified, for example, for recording speech on the street or in noisy rooms. The high sensitivity of an omnidirectional microphone will do you a disservice, and the recording will be “polluted” by a lot of extraneous sounds.
Focus
This indicator characterizes how the microphone perceives sounds affecting it from different directions. There are microphones: omnidirectional, bidirectional (figure eight directionality), cardioid, hypercardioid.
So, if the direction of the microphone is a circle (or an omnidirectional microphone), then it will perceive all sounds, no matter where they come from, which is not always convenient, for example, when recording an interview on the street, a narrowly directional microphone, the so-called “gun” model, is more suitable .
Sound pressure level
This indicator indicates how much sound a microphone can transmit without distorting it. An indicator of 130-140 dB is considered high; this parameter is important if you are going to use the microphone to transmit loud sounds (for example, the sounds of a drum).
Frequency range
The wider the frequency range, the better, the better the microphone will transmit sounds. So human speech is in the frequency range of 100 (bass) - 10 thousand Hz (squeak), and if you take a microphone with a lower sensitivity, then problems may arise with recording vocals. However, for speech recording, frequency coverage from 300 to 3400 Hz is sufficient.
- In addition to the technical characteristics listed above, there are others, such as weight, compactness, cable length, and so on, which do not particularly affect the sound, but greatly affect the usability of the microphone.
- Microphones are intended for:
- manual,
- lavaliers,
- hanging,
- desktop,
- on-camera,
- secret, attached to musical instruments, and so on.
It is also worth remembering that the microphone must be made from quality materials.
Before buying a microphone, read reviews about the model and manufacturer you like. After all, characteristics don’t always tell everything. And only through experience can you understand whether the model you like is successful or not.
As karaoke becomes more and more popular among singing enthusiasts, the question arises of how to choose a microphone for karaoke. You already know about the most important characteristics of microphones for clear transmission of vocals, and, of course, pay attention to the length of the microphone cable, its connector, and also remember that you need a hand-held microphone. But the main limiter of choice will still be the budget.
The microphone can be used both for recording music at home, streaming or karaoke, and for concert performances and recording an entire orchestra. Dynamic microphones, which can withstand sudden changes in sound pressure, are often used to accurately capture the sound of drums, while condenser microphones can record even the quietest sounds.
Condenser and dynamic microphones
Condenser microphones are more sensitive, have a wider frequency range, transmit sound more accurately, and can be very compact. But they are too sensitive to falls or shocks and cannot work in the cold. In addition, a condenser microphone requires an additional 48 V power supply to operate. This feature is found in many mixing consoles, preamplifiers, external sound cards and other devices with a microphone input. If you don’t have it, you can additionally purchase a unit with phantom power. Condenser microphones are most often used in recording studios, television and video recording.
Dynamic microphones can withstand sudden sounds or changes in sound pressure, which is why they are often used to record drum kits. Their design is more reliable and less prone to failure after a fall. Dynamic microphones are less prone to feedback problems; they pick up less low-frequency noise or overtones. But they do not have the widest frequency range and lower reliability of sound transmission. Dynamic microphones are used in studios, on location, at concerts, in theaters and at home.
Microphone characteristics
The sensitivity of the microphone is indicated in dB, and the lower this absolute value, the easier it is for the microphone to record quiet sounds. Some dynamic microphones have a fairly low sensitivity of -70 dB, while many condenser microphones have higher sensitivity of -46 to -35 dB or higher. If you need to record in close proximity to a microphone, you don’t need to chase devices with high sensitivity, and vice versa, if the task involves extracting fairly quiet sounds in a chamber atmosphere (acoustic guitar, string quartet), you need to take care of a microphone with a higher sensitivity.
The maximum sound pressure level (SPL) indicates how loud a microphone is designed to handle. High values of sound pressure level are indicators of more than 90 dB. This noise can be felt near Niagara Falls or at a rock concert. The noise level in a quiet recording studio is 10 dB, and a jet plane taking off can generate sound pressure close to the human pain threshold of 130 dB. Microphones with a high maximum sound pressure level should be chosen for concerts or any other area where the sound source is very powerful.
Some of the most important parameters of a microphone are dynamic range (the ability to reproduce the quietest and loudest sounds without distortion) and signal-to-noise ratio (the difference in dB between the microphone's 94 dB dynamic range and its own noise). The higher this value, the better - you will get a cleaner, more transparent and dynamic sound.
The wider the frequency range, the more natural and natural the sound during transmission - and bass instruments are not “eaten up”, and high notes are clearly audible. Almost all dynamic microphones have a range from 50 – 80 Hz to 15 kHz - this is enough for vocals and most acoustic instruments, with the exception of the lowest and highest frequencies - contrabassoon, tuba, large organ, piano, double bass, bass drum and violin, cymbal and many woodwind instruments. If the task is to record a high-quality performance of a symphony orchestra, it is better to select a microphone with a wider range - a condenser one. For simple speech transmission, a coverage of 100–10000 Hz is sufficient.
The higher the resistance of the microphone, the less audible it is, unless you use a mixing console or sound card with built-in preamps. When you connect a high-impedance microphone to the standard input of a computer or karaoke machine, the sound will be very quiet.
Specialized microphones
Microphones for network communication are inexpensive because they do not require high quality sound transmission. They come in tabletop versions or in the form of a “clothespin” for attaching to clothing.
Microphones for large conferences transmit speech clearly and eliminate extraneous sounds (coughing, rustling papers). They can be divided into tabletop surface microphones, gooseneck microphones, boundary layer microphones (built into a table or lectern flush with the surface), as well as handheld, lavalier and headset microphones.
When a group of several people gathers around a small table, it is not necessary for each participant to have a separate microphone; it is enough to install one omnidirectional microphone in the center of the table. If there are many participants in the conference, and they often need to speak in turns or speak one at a time in front of everyone, it is better to use a unidirectional gooseneck microphone, cardioid or supercardioid, which picks up the sound only of the person directly speaking into it.
A more advanced option is large conference systems consisting of a “chairman” console (which can control other microphones), “delegate” consoles and a head unit that allows translation, recording of the conference itself and the assignment of groups of delegates. Such remote controls have an on/off button, the ability to connect headphones, some have a choice of translation, a built-in speaker and a backlight on the microphone rod.
Microphones for recording video with a camera can be installed in the “hot shoe” of the camera and are connected to it via a 3.5 mm mini-jack connector (less often XLR).
Wireless microphones
Wireless microphones are very convenient and are often necessary in various areas - in theaters, at concerts or lectures in large auditoriums. The first thing that needs to be taken into account here is the distance at which the system can operate, on average it is 50 - 60 m. But there are also systems with a range of up to 100 m. If you need to use several radio systems in one place, you need to consider how much the radio system can have different frequencies so that they do not create problems for each other.
A head or lavalier microphone that works with a radio system has a belt (or pocket) transmitter, to which the microphone is connected with a short cable. But not every microphone can be connected to every transmitter. The disadvantage of wireless microphones is the need to change batteries or recharge the batteries after an average of 6 hours of operation.
There is no point in purchasing an expensive professional microphone if there is no appropriate equipment to connect it - preamplifiers or studio sound cards and professional recording devices, as well as a prepared room (studio). It will not be able to work in such conditions in accordance with the declared characteristics.
If you are looking for an inexpensive, but high-quality and reliable microphone for the home, for example, to sing at home karaoke or record vocals on a laptop, it is better to choose a dynamic microphone, since it is least susceptible to damage due to accidental drops or impacts and does not require additional power. Just connect it to a sound card, karaoke system or mixing console.
If a microphone is selected for recording podcasts at home, you need to consider how sensitive and “capricious” it is - a condenser microphone with high sensitivity will record the sounds of operating electrical appliances in the room. To eliminate them, you will need to take care of additional accessories: a pop filter and a microphone stand.
Reference article based on the expert opinion of the author.
The issue of choosing a microphone for voice recording should be approached quite seriously. This is especially true for various studios where professional musical instruments are used. Today, many companies are engaged in the production of microphones, offering the buyer a wide range of products. In order to make the right choice, you should take into account many factors, as well as listen to consumer reviews.
Features of studio microphones
A professional studio microphone for voice recording differs from a regular model in its greater sensitivity. Moreover, it can be used in various voice applications. Additionally, it should be noted that there is a special noise reduction technology. As a result, the voice is always recorded clearly and without extraneous sounds.
The resistance parameter of the devices is at the level of 2 kOhm. In this case, the operating voltage is as much as 1.5 V. The average frequency of studio microphones fluctuates around 50 MHz. Additionally, they are characterized by high performance and easy installation.
How to choose a good model?
To choose a good microphone for voice recording, you should first pay attention to the frequency indicator. Its minimum values should be at 20 Hz. In this case, the maximum device should be capable of outputting a frequency of 18,000 Hz. Microphone sensitivity is recommended to be no lower than 33 dB. Volume adjustment should be comfortable. You should also check the functionality of the phase switch before purchasing.
For comfortable voice recording, many people prefer to choose models with a signal level indicator. For clear sound, a low-pass filter is required. Among other things, you need to check with the seller whether the device supports all available formats. The last thing to consider is the size of the microphone and its stand. As a rule, preference is given to models with a tripod. In this case, you don’t have to worry about the holder while recording audio. On average, microphones cost about 7,000 rubles.
Microphones of the Samson brand
This company is mainly engaged in the production of condenser microphones. Such devices are connected to any personal computer. At the same time, they can use a variety of operating systems. Samson microphones are distinguished by their high performance; the user does not have to worry about the device driver at all.
When the device is connected, it is installed automatically. Signal strength indicator is available in many models. Additionally, the microphones have convenient volume controls. The Samson models are ideal for studio recording, and professionals often prefer this particular brand.
Characteristics of "Samson S01"
This microphone for voice recording has a hypercardioid directionality. The minimum frequency of this model is 30 Hz. In this case, the device can withstand a maximum of 18,000 Hz. The sensitivity of the microphone is excellent. The standard kit includes a stand, a holder, and a user manual. You can start voice recording only after installing the driver. It supports all the basic parameters. This model will cost the buyer about 8,000 rubles.
Reviews of the model "Senheiser E 815"
Many buyers liked this microphone for its ability to suppress feedback. Moreover, it has a very durable body, which is made of metal. The average operating frequency of the device is 10,000 Hz. In this case, the minimum this parameter can drop to 80 Hz. The resistance parameter fluctuates around 350 Ohms.
The dimensions of this microphone are as follows: height 180 mm and width 48 mm. This model weighs only 330 g. Among other things, good suppression of contact noise should be noted. The microphone switch is quite quiet. In general, the model turned out to be good for recording vocals. It costs about 4,000 rubles on the market.
Microphone "Blue Yeti"
The Blue Yeti voice recording microphone is capable of working with sound in stereo mode. Moreover, it is equipped with a powerful built-in amplifier. The average sound pressure level is 100 dB and the sampling frequency is 48,000 Hz. The maximum data transfer speed to a personal computer is 16 bits. The microphone resistance parameter is exactly 20 ohms.
The output power of the device reaches 130 mW. Any program for recording voice through a microphone can be used, because the Windows 7 and Windows Vista operating systems are supported. The dimensions of this model are quite compact: its height is 290 mm, its width is 120 mm, and its depth is 125 mm. Its total weight is 550 g. The cable that comes with the microphone is 2 meters long. This model will cost the buyer 12,000 rubles.
Microphone H08 from Superlux company
This model is the most preferred among condenser microphones. It differs from other devices in its low level of distortion. Additionally, it boasts a wide dynamic range. The sound pressure is maintained quite high.
The resistance of the device fluctuates around 200 Ohms. The sensitivity of the microphone is 39 dB. Minimum perceived frequencies are 40 Hz. Based on directionality, the microphone is classified as supercardiod. Its total weight is 320 g. The standard kit of the above model includes a mount, an adapter, and a convenient case. This microphone for voice recording costs (market price) 5,000 rubles.
New microphone model AKG 2000
The AKG 2000 voice recording microphone is more suitable for beginner vocalists. A special feature of the model is the presence of a bass filter. With its help you can easily get rid of the proximity effect. The directionality of this device is cardioid. The frequency response parameter fluctuates around 30 Hz. The dynamic range is 120 dB, and the maximum input sound level is exactly 150 dB. At pre-attenuation, the model produces 10 dB.
To turn on the microphone, phantom power from 10 to 50 V is required. The output impedance parameter is 200 Ohms. The manufacturer provides three-pin connectors in this model. The microphone length is 159 mm, width 50 mm with a weight of 325 g. As a result, the model turned out to be simple and convenient. It costs only 6,000 rubles in the store.
Review of the Invoton M500 model
The Invoton M500 voice recording microphone is an excellent choice in terms of price/quality ratio. This model is well suited for home studios. One of the features is a light diagram. It is able to cope with a high level of sound signal and this makes many people happy. In turn, the frequency range is quite wide.
The main front signal can be isolated using a special filter. In this case, extraneous sounds are cut off and are not visible on the recording. The design in this model is of a capacitor type, and the sensitivity of the device is at around 37 dB. Any microphone voice recording program can be used, because all major operating systems are supported. The resistance indicator is as much as 100 ohms. This assembled model weighs 345 g. The standard set of the device includes a microphone, a holder, and a stand adapter along with a case. This model costs 9,000 rubles in the store.
Microphone for studio "Rode K2"
This model is considered professional and is used exclusively for recording vocals. A distinctive feature of this microphone is its large capsule, which is made with a gold-plated membrane. The device can handle even ultra-low noise levels. In turn, the dynamic range is quite wide. The tube circuit is installed class A with double triodes. There are eight radiation patterns in total. The microphone switch is located directly on the control unit.
Also worth noting is the very high-quality shock-absorbing suspension. Among other things, the manufacturer provides a carrying case as standard. This company also paid great attention to the protection system. A filter is installed specifically against high-frequency interference. In general, this Australian company has proven itself on the positive side, so it is in great demand all over the world. A professional microphone for voice recording "Rode K2" will cost the buyer 15,000 rubles.
